One day they’re climbing trees and collecting stickers - the next, they’re asking for a bra and wondering why their pants feel damp. Puberty can arrive early, and when it does, it brings big changes that can feel overwhelming, especially when they hit before most of their friends even know what a period is.
If you’re a parent, carer, or teacher wondering how to help a young person navigate early puberty with confidence and care, you’re in the right place. We asked Miss Mittal Patel, consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist at London Gynaecology, to walk us through the signs, the science, and the support that really matters - no panic, just practical advice.
Spotting the Signs: What Early Puberty Looks Like
Not sure if what’s happening is “normal” or if puberty might be starting early? Let’s clear that up.
According to Miss Patel, the first sign is often breast development - medically known as thelarche - and it can happen years before a first period:
“The earliest sign of puberty is often breast development (thelarche), which can appear 2–3 years before periods begin. It usually starts as small bumps under the nipples, followed by enlargement of the areola (the darker skin around the nipple) and breast tissue growth. This typically occurs between ages 8–13.
Other early signs to look out for include:
- Growth spurts
- Fine hair around the genitals and underarms
- Increased sweating and oiliness (hello, spots and body odour)
- Vaginal discharge - which Miss Patel says can begin “6–12 months before the first period and may be clear, white, or yellowish mucus-like”
Alongside physical changes, emotional ones are common too:
“Mood swings (irritability or tearfulness), increased focus on body image, and a desire for personal space and privacy” are all part of the picture.
Why Early Puberty Feels So Big - and How to Respond
When your child starts puberty early, it can feel like their body’s sprinting while their emotions are still learning to crawl. It’s a lot - for them and for you.
Miss Patel urges calm, honest communication over fear or awkwardness:
“Puberty can feel overwhelming for both children and parents. Open, honest conversations early on help children feel prepared and supported. Explain changes clearly and revisit topics as needed - visual aids like diagrams or pictures can be helpful.
“Reassure your child that learning about bodies, private parts, and feelings is normal and healthy. Keep discussions relaxed and positive so they feel safe asking questions.”
She also recommends setting clear boundaries around privacy and self-touch, and making sure children know who they can turn to with questions - and who they shouldn’t.
And in today’s digital world?
“If your child uses the internet, discuss online safety and how to find reliable information. Remember, it’s normal for both you and your child to feel awkward at times - what matters most is creating a safe space for open dialogue.”
When a Period Arrives Early: Practical and Emotional Tips
If your child starts their period earlier than expected, it can feel confusing or scary - for both of you. But it doesn’t have to be.
Miss Patel says the key is to keep things calm, clear, and supportive:
“Reassure your child that starting their period early is okay and manageable. Discuss sanitary product options and help them choose what works best.”
She also encourages connecting with the school - especially in primary settings, where period infrastructure might still be lacking.
“Maintain communication with the school, as practical considerations - such as sanitary bins in toilets - may need addressing.”
And don't forget the confidence-crushing myths around PE and periods:
“Clarify common misconceptions about PE classes: periods do not mean missing lessons, and exercise can help relieve pain. Similarly, talk about swimming lessons and options like tampons or period swimwear.”
When to Talk to a Doctor About Early Periods
While most early periods are just part of natural development, some signs may need a closer look. So when should you check in with a doctor?
Miss Patel explains:
“If periods start before age eight or occur without other signs of puberty, this is called precocious puberty. While causes are often unclear, sometimes an underlying medical condition may be present.”
“Speak to your doctor, who may recommend blood tests and scans to rule out conditions such as hypothyroidism or hormonal tumours.”
The message? Don’t panic - but do reach out if something doesn’t feel quite right. You’re not overreacting by getting expert advice.
What Might Cause Early Periods?
You might be wondering why some kids start their periods so young. According to Miss Patel, it’s often a mix of genetic, hormonal, and lifestyle factors:
“Early menarche can be influenced by factors such as weight, higher oestrogen levels, genetics, and lifestyle. Evidence suggests that girls who exercise regularly or live in urban areas may reach menarche sooner.”
But again, if periods begin before age eight or without other signs of puberty, medical input is a good idea.
How Schools and Families Can Make a Difference
When you’re the only one in your year with a period, it can feel like you’re growing up too fast - and totally alone. But it doesn’t have to be that way.
Miss Patel shares one powerful way schools and families can offer support:
“Begin conversations about puberty early so children know what to expect and feel prepared. Ensure they have easy, discreet access to sanitary products and pain relief without being singled out or missing lessons.
“Creating a supportive environment where these needs are normalised helps young people feel confident and included.”
From period pants in their backpack to teachers who get it - these little things can make a huge difference.
Final thoughts
Early puberty isn’t a problem to fix - it’s a part of life to support.
If a young person in your life is growing up faster than expected, they need calm voices, open conversations, and zero shame. They need to know that yes, periods might arrive earlier than they’d like - but that doesn’t mean they’re alone or “too young” to understand what’s happening.
Let’s give them the tools, the language, and the support they deserve.